
In 1665, Robert Hooke sliced a paper-thin sliver of cork, held it under a compound microscope of his own design, and saw rows of tiny empty compartments that reminded him of monks' quarters, giving biology the word 'cell' 174 years before anyone worked out what was actually inside one
How a Royal Society polymath, a leather-tubed microscope, and a sliver of dead bark gave biology its most fundamental word — and why it took 174 years to figure out what was actually inside a living one.















